Question 171: Which issue couldn’t IoT edge computing help solve?
A. Bandwidth issues
B. Complex connectivity issues
C. Legacy-system bridge issues
D. Data sovereignty compliance issues
Correct Answer: B. Complex connectivity issues
Explanation: IoT edge computing resolves many problems by keeping and processing the data from IoT devices at the edge where it is created. The expansion of the edge with the proliferation of IoT devices has created more complex networks and connectivity issues that organizations will likely continue to scale. Cutting out the distance of data transfers to the cloud or data center for processing lowers latency and cuts out the power and bandwidth needed to transmit. In turn, lower bandwidth cuts the costs in finances, opportunity costs and storage of frequent small IoT application updates. Edge data processing also addresses any data sovereignty compliance issues by preventing data from being stolen during transit, including transfers between different countries. Organizations that combine legacy systems with IoT deployments must contend with the non-IP or ethernet connections of IoT devices. IoT edge computing fixes this issue by translating between old and new.
Question 172: One application of IoT edge computing is using sensors, real-time data analytics and data operations to run a self-driving car.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: A. True
Explanation: Self-driving cars require real-time data analytics at the edge because even the milliseconds it takes to transmit data to the cloud is too much latency when lives are at stake. Cars with IoT edge computing combined with AI will make immediate decisions where the data is created. It is also impossible to simultaneously transmit data from millions of cars back to a data center to track vehicles and process decisions with immediacy. Edge computing also applies in use cases with IoT sensors such as identifying and analyzing production errors more quickly in manufacturing plants, conserving resources by monitoring water consumption and reducing latency for real-time applications such as online multiplayer games.
Question 173: What connects IoT devices to the cloud in order to aggregate data, translate between protocols and process data before sending it on?
A. IoT sensors
B. IoT standards
C. IoT gateways
D. IoT processors
Correct Answer: C. IoT gateways
Explanation: IoT gateways, which can be interchangeable with the term edge gateways, manage and connect IoT devices to the cloud. Despite their name, they serve a greater role than simply allowing data back and forth. IoT devices use different protocols or have different energy requirements that don’t all support each other. Gateways ensure that all IoT devices can connect, translate data to a standard protocol and maintain security. Gateways also help bridge operations and IT perspectives on IoT deployments. Operations professionals require the data gets transferred from its creation to where they can use it. Gateways assist the IT angle because they ensure security and support functionality. IoT gateways must be capable of withstanding the processing demands of IoT data.
Question 174: How will the edge change organizations’ relationship with the cloud?
A. The edge will send more data directly to the cloud
B. The edge will reduce the amount of data sent to the cloud, potentially saving organizations money
C. Organizations will use the cloud the same way and just add edge computing
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B. The edge will reduce the amount of data sent to the cloud, potentially saving organizations money
Explanation: Bringing data processing to the edge will reduce the data sent to centralized data processing in the cloud. The increase in IoT data pushes organizations to figure out how to use that data more economically in real-time and longer-term analysis. Organizations will spend less on cloud data storage when the data is processed at the edge without needing to connect to the cloud. Organizations that keep their data in a centralized cloud are also vulnerable to greater risk, such as data breaches. Edge computing encourages organizations to stop creating honeypots of sensitive data in the cloud.
Question 175: How much enterprise data does Gartner predict will be created and processed at the edge by 2025?
A. 45%
B. 55%
C. 75%
D. 85%
Correct Answer: C. 75%
Explanation: In 2018, only 10% of an organization’s data was at the edge, according to Gartner senior research director Santhosh Rao, in the Gartner report “What Edge Computing Means for Infrastructure and Operations Leaders.” By 2025, Gartner estimated the number will grow to 75% of all enterprise data. The increase in data created at the edge will make transmitting the IoT data deluge to a cloud inefficient.
Question 176: What are some of the benefits that DHCP offers?
A. Reduced network endpoint configuration tasks and costs
B. Elimination of single points of failure for network parameter configuration
C. Decentralized management of network configuration
D. Centralized management of network parameters configuration
E. Both B and D
F. Both A and D
Correct Answer: F. Both A and D
Explanation: Some of the benefits of using DHCP instead of manual configurations are centralized management of network parameters configuration and reduced network endpoint configuration tasks and costs.
Question 177: What DNS component is configured on a network client?
A. Root server
B. TLD server
C. DNS resolver
D. TLC server
Correct Answer: C. DNS resolver
Explanation: The DNS recursive resolver is a server that receives DNS queries from client machines and makes additional requests in order to resolve a client query.
Question 178: What are some of the benefits of Network Address Translation?
A. Conserving public IP address space
B. Increased security due to hiding of internal addressing
C. Loss of end-to-end traceability and visibility
D. Loss of end-to-end functionality
E. Flexibility when changing ISPs
F. A, B and E
G. C, D and E
Correct Answer: F. A, B and E
Explanation: The benefits of Network Address Translation include conserving public IPv4 address space, additional security due to hiding the addressing for internal networks, and flexibility and cost savings when changing ISPs.
Question 179: What version of SNMP was developed with a security focus in mind?
A. SNMPv3
B. SNMPv1
C. SNMPv2c
D. SNMPv4
Correct Answer: A. SNMPv3
Explanation: With SNMPv3, the focus was on security, and additional features such as authentication, encryption, and message integrity were added to the protocol specification.
Question 180: What transport layer protocol and port are used by NTP?
A. TCP 123
B. TCP 120
C. UDP 120
D. UDP 123
Correct Answer: D. UDP 123
Explanation: The main role of NTP is to synchronize the time on a network of devices. The IETF developed NTP, and the latest version of the protocol, version 4, is defined in RFC 5905. It uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) at the transport layer, and port 123 is reserved for NTP.