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Which Statement About Reasoning Is Not True in Critical Thinking?
Learn which statement about reasoning is not true and understand how assumptions, evidence, concepts, and conclusions shape critical thinking.
Question
Which of the following statements is NOT true about reasoning?
A. All reasoning is based on assumptions and specific perspectives.
B. All reasoning relies on data, information, and evidence to support its claims.
C. All reasoning must avoid drawing conclusions to remain neutral and unbiased.
D. All reasoning is shaped by concepts and ideas, which influence how we interpret information.
Answer
C. All reasoning must avoid drawing conclusions to remain neutral and unbiased.
Explanation
Reasoning does not avoid conclusions. In fact, one core element of reasoning is that it includes inferences and interpretations through which people draw conclusions and give meaning to information.
Neutrality does not mean refusing to conclude anything. It means reaching conclusions carefully, based on evidence, sound concepts, justified assumptions, and fair consideration of perspective.
A is true because reasoning is based on assumptions and is carried out from some point of view. B is true because reasoning relies on data, information, and evidence to support claims.
D is also true because reasoning is shaped by concepts and ideas, which influence how information is interpreted. These are all standard parts of the Paul-Elder framework for understanding reasoning.