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Which Software Design Principle Reduces Module Dependencies Best?
Encapsulation reduces module dependencies in software design by hiding internals and exposing stable interfaces, ensuring loose coupling and easier maintenance.
Question
Which of the following is a key principle of software design that aims to reduce dependencies between modules in a system?
A. Polymorphism
B. Inheritance
C. Debugging
D. Encapsulation
Answer
D. Encapsulation
Explanation
Encapsulation bundles data and methods within modules or classes, hiding internal implementation details through access modifiers and public interfaces, which directly reduces dependencies by preventing external code from relying on or manipulating private state directly. This enforces information hiding and promotes loose coupling, as changes to internal logic remain isolated without breaking dependent modules, unlike polymorphism (A) and inheritance (B) that primarily enable flexibility through substitution, or debugging (C) which is a maintenance activity rather than a design principle.