Convolutional Neural Network CNN: What Are Dendrites in the Nervous System?

Learn what dendrites are, their role in the nervous system, and why they are essential for neuron communication. Understand dendrites as nerve fibers that receive and transmit signals.

Question

What are dendrites?

A. Other name for nucleus
B. Nuclear projections
C. Fibers of nerves
D. None of the above

Answer

C. Fibers of nerves

Explanation

Dendrites are tree shaped fibers of nerves. So, option C is correct.

Dendrites are fibers of nerves that extend from the cell body (soma) of a neuron. They are specialized structures responsible for receiving electrical and chemical signals from other neurons or the external environment. These signals are then transmitted toward the soma, where they are processed.

Dendrites play a critical role in the functioning of neurons, which are the building blocks of the nervous system:

Structure

• Dendrites are short, branched extensions resembling tree branches, which increase their surface area for receiving signals.
• They contain cytoplasmic components like mitochondria and ribosomes to support their function.

Function

• Dendrites act as afferent processes, meaning they carry incoming signals toward the neuron’s soma.
• These signals often originate from the axon terminals of other neurons and are transmitted via synapses.
• The dendritic tree allows a single neuron to receive input from thousands of other neurons, integrating excitatory and inhibitory signals to determine whether an action potential will be generated.

Role in Signal Transmission

• Dendrites convert chemical signals (neurotransmitters) into electrical impulses that travel toward the soma.
• If the combined input is strong enough, it triggers an action potential at the axon hillock, propagating the signal further along the neuron.

Importance in Learning and Memory

• Dendritic branching (arborization) increases with practice and learning, enhancing neural connectivity and signal processing capabilities.

Why Option C Is Correct

The term “fibers of nerves” accurately describes dendrites because they are cytoplasmic extensions that form part of the neuron’s structure. Unlike axons, which transmit signals away from the cell body, dendrites primarily receive and conduct impulses toward it. The other options—nucleus or nuclear projections—are incorrect as they refer to entirely different cellular components.

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