Assessing network communication security between virtual machines in Sub2 at Contoso. Explore if VM1 can ping VM2, VM3, and VM5, based on their network configurations. Learn about their network security setup in this case study.
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Case Study
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Overview
Contoso, Ltd. is a consulting company that has a main office in Montreal and two branch offices in Seattle and New York.
The company hosts its entire server infrastructure in Azure.
Contoso has two Azure subscriptions named Sub1 and Sub2. Both subscriptions are associated to an Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) tenant named contoso.com.
Existing Environment
Azure AD
Contoso.com contains the users shown in the following table.
| Name | City | Role |
|---|---|---|
| User1 | Montreal | Global administrator |
| User2 | MONTREAL | Security administrator |
| User3 | London | Privileged role administrator |
| User4 | Ontario | Application administrator |
| User5 | Seattle | Cloud application administrator |
| User6 | Seattle | User administrator |
| User7 | Sydney | Reports reader |
| User8 | Sydney | None |
| User9 | Sydney | Owner |
Contoso.com contains the security groups shown in the following table.
| Name | Membership type | Dynamic membership rule |
|---|---|---|
| Group1 | Dynamic user | user.city -contain “ON” |
| Group2 | Dynamic user | user.city -match “*on” |
Sub1
Sub1 contains six resource groups named RG1, RG2, RG3, RG4, RG5, and RG6.
User9 creates the virtual networks shown in the following table.
| Name | Resource group |
|---|---|
| VNET1 | RG1 |
| VNET2 | RG2 |
| VNET3 | RG3 |
| VNET4 | RG4 |
Sub1 contains the locks shown in the following table.
| Name | Set on | Lock type |
|---|---|---|
| Lock1 | RG1 | Delete |
| Lock2 | RG2 | Read-only |
| Lock3 | RG3 | Delete |
| Lock4 | RG4 | Read-only |
Sub1 contains the Azure policies shown in the following table.
| Policy definition | Resource type | Scope |
|---|---|---|
| Allowed resource types | networkSecurityGroups | RG4 |
| Not allowed resource types | virtualNetworks/subnets | RG5 |
| Not allowed resource types | networkSecurityGroups | RG5 |
| Not allowed resource types | virtualNetworks/virtualNetworkPeerings | RG6 |
Sub2
Sub2 contains the virtual networks shown in the following table.
| Name | Subnet |
|---|---|
| VNetwork1 | Subnet11, Subnet12, and Subnet13 |
| VNetwork2 | Subnet21 |
Sub2 contains the virtual machines shown in the following table.
| Name | Network interface | Application security group | Connected to |
|---|---|---|---|
| VM1 | NIC1 | ASG1 | Subnet11 |
| VM2 | NIC2 | ASG2 | Subnet11 |
| VM3 | NIC3 | None | Subnet12 |
| VM4 | NIC4 | ASG1 | Subnet13 |
| VM5 | NIC5 | None | Subnet21 |
All virtual machines have public IP addresses and the Web Server (IIS) role installed. The firewalls for each virtual machine allow ping requests and web requests.
Sub2 contains the network security groups (NSGs) shown in the following table.
| Name | Associated to |
|---|---|
| NSG1 | NIC2 |
| NSG2 | Subnet11 |
| NSG3 | Subnet13 |
| NSG4 | Subnet21 |
NSG1 has the inbound security rules shown in the following table.
| Priority | Port | Protocol | Source | Destination | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 65000 | Any | Any | VirtualNetwork | VirtualNetwork | Allow |
| 65001 | Any | Any | AzureLoadBalancer | Any | Allow |
| 65500 | Any | Any | Any | Any | Deny |
NSG2 has the inbound security rules shown in the following table.
| Priority | Port | Protocol | Source | Destination | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | 80 | TCP | Internet | VirtualNetwork | Allow |
| 65000 | Any | Any | VirtualNetwork | VirtualNetwork | Allow |
| 65001 | Any | Any | AzureLoadBalancer | Any | Allow |
| 65500 | Any | Any | Any | Any | Deny |
NSG3 has the inbound security rules shown in the following table.
| Priority | Port | Protocol | Source | Destination | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | Any | TCP | ASG1 | ASG1 | Allow |
| 150 | Any | Any | ASG2 | VirtualNetwork | Allow |
| 200 | Any | Any | Any | Any | Deny |
| 65000 | Any | Any | VirtualNetwork | VirtualNetwork | Allow |
| 65001 | Any | Any | AzureLoadBalancer | Any | Allow |
| 65500 | Any | Any | Any | Any | Deny |
NSG4 has the inbound security rules shown in the following table.
| Priority | Port | Protocol | Source | Destination | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | Any | Any | Any | Any | Allow |
| 65000 | Any | Any | VirtualNetwork | VirtualNetwork | Allow |
| 65001 | Any | Any | AzureLoadBalancer | Any | Allow |
| 65500 | Any | Any | Any | Any | Deny |
NSG1, NSG2, NSG3, and NSG4 have the outbound security rules shown in the following table.
| Priority | Port | Protocol | Source | Destination | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 65000 | Any | Any | VirtualNetwork | VirtualNetwork | Allow |
| 65001 | Any | Any | Any | Internet | Allow |
| 65500 | Any | Any | Any | Any | Deny |
Technical Requirements
Contoso identifies the following technical requirements:
- Deploy Azure Firewall to VNetwork1 in Sub2.
- Register an application named App2 in contoso.com.
- Whenever possible, use the principle of least privilege.
- Enable Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM) for contoso.com.
HOTSPOT –
You are evaluating the security of the network communication between the virtual machines in Sub2.
For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No.
NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.
Hot Area:
- From VM1, you can successfully ping the public IP address of VM2.
- From VM1, you can successfully ping the public IP address of VM3.
- From VM1, you can successfully ping the public IP address of VM5.
Answer
- From VM1, you can successfully ping the public IP address of VM2: Yes
- From VM1, you can successfully ping the public IP address of VM3: Yes
- From VM1, you can successfully ping the public IP address of VM5: No
Explanation
Box 1: Yes. All traffic is allowed out to the Internet so you can ping the public IP.
NSG1, NSG2, NSG3, and NSG4 have the outbound security rules shown in the following table.
| Priority | Port | Protocol | Source | Destination | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 65000 | Any | Any | VirtualNetwork | VirtualNetwork | Allow |
| 65001 | Any | Any | Any | Internet | Allow |
| 65500 | Any | Any | Any | Any | Deny |
Box 2: Yes. VM3 is on Subnet12. There is no NSG attached to Subnet12 so the traffic will be allowed by default.
| Name | Network interface | Application security group | Connected to |
|---|---|---|---|
| VM1 | NIC1 | ASG1 | Subnet11 |
| VM2 | NIC2 | ASG2 | Subnet11 |
| VM3 | NIC3 | None | Subnet12 |
| VM4 | NIC4 | ASG1 | Subnet13 |
| VM5 | NIC5 | None | Subnet21 |
| Name | Associated to |
|---|---|
| NSG1 | NIC2 |
| NSG2 | Subnet11 |
| NSG3 | Subnet13 |
| NSG4 | Subnet21 |
Box 3: No (because VM5 is in a separate VNet).
Note: Sub2 contains the virtual machines shown in the following table.
| Name | Network interface | Application security group | Connected to |
|---|---|---|---|
| VM1 | NIC1 | ASG1 | Subnet11 |
| VM2 | NIC2 | ASG2 | Subnet11 |
| VM3 | NIC3 | None | Subnet12 |
| VM4 | NIC4 | ASG1 | Subnet13 |
| VM5 | NIC5 | None | Subnet21 |
| Name | Subnet |
|---|---|
| VNetwork1 | Subnet11, Subnet12, and Subnet13 |
| VNetwork2 | Subnet21 |
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