Discover which early AI pioneer, Arthur Samuel, developed the concept of machine learning by programming computers to improve performance without explicit instructions. Learn about his groundbreaking contributions to AI.
Table of Contents
Question
Which early AI pioneer developed the concept of “machine learning” by programming computers to improve their performance without explicit instructions?
A. John McCarthy
B. Marvin Minsky
C. Arthur Samuel
D. Herbert Simon
Answer
C. Arthur Samuel
Explanation
Arthur Samuel, a computer scientist and pioneer in artificial intelligence, is widely credited with coining the term machine learning in 1959. His groundbreaking work involved developing a checkers-playing program that could improve its performance over time by learning from experience rather than relying on explicit programming. This was one of the first successful demonstrations of self-learning in machines, laying the foundation for modern machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Key Contributions of Arthur Samuel
- Checkers Program: Samuel created a program capable of playing checkers at an expert level. It utilized techniques such as reinforcement learning and rote learning to improve its decision-making by analyzing past games and outcomes.
- Machine Learning Definition: He defined machine learning as a “field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed,” which remains a cornerstone of AI research today.
- Reinforcement Learning: His work introduced concepts like alpha-beta pruning and reward functions, which are still used in AI algorithms.
- Legacy: Samuel’s contributions influenced the development of neural networks, pattern recognition, and practical applications of AI across industries such as healthcare, finance, and robotics.
While other pioneers like John McCarthy (A), Marvin Minsky (B), and Herbert Simon (D) made significant contributions to AI, it was Arthur Samuel who specifically advanced the concept of machine learning through his innovative work on self-improving computer programs.
The latest AI Development Quiz certificate program actual real practice exam question and answer (Q&A) dumps are available free, helpful to pass the AI Development Quiz certificate exam and earn AI Development Quiz certification.