Amazon SAP-C02: Steps to move platform with least overhead

Question

A company has an IoT platform that runs in an on-premises environment. The platform consists of a server that connects to IoT devices by using the MQTT protocol. The platform collects telemetry data from the devices at least once every 5 minutes. The platform also stores device metadata in a MongoDB cluster.

An application that is installed on an on-premises machine runs periodic jobs to aggregate and transform the telemetry and device metadata. The application creates reports that users view by using another web application that runs on the same on-premises machine. The periodic jobs take 120-600 seconds to run. However, the web application is always running. The company is moving the platform to AWS and must reduce the operational overhead of the stack. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Choose three.)

A. Use AWS Lambda functions to connect to the IoT devices
B. Configure the IoT devices to publish to AWS IoT Core
C. Write the metadata to a self-managed MongoDB database on an Amazon EC2 instance
D. Write the metadata to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility)
E. Use AWS Step Functions state machines with AWS Lambda tasks to prepare the reports and to write the reports to Amazon S3. Use Amazon CloudFront with an S3 origin to serve the reports
F. Use an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster with Amazon EC2 instances to prepare the reports. Use an ingress controller in the EKS cluster to serve the reports

Answer

B. Configure the IoT devices to publish to AWS IoT Core
D. Write the metadata to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility)
E. Use AWS Step Functions state machines with AWS Lambda tasks to prepare the reports and to write the reports to Amazon S3. Use Amazon CloudFront with an S3 origin to serve the reports

Explanation

To meet the requirements with the LEAST operational overhead, you should choose the following three steps:

B. Configure the IoT devices to publish to AWS IoT Core

By configuring the IoT devices to publish to AWS IoT Core, you will be able to manage the connections and data ingestion at scale without directly dealing with the MQTT protocol. AWS IoT Core can handle billions of devices and trillions of messages, reducing the operational overhead for the company.

D. Write the metadata to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility)

Instead of managing a self-managed MongoDB database on an Amazon EC2 instance, writing the metadata to Amazon DocumentDB will reduce the operational overhead. Amazon DocumentDB is a fully managed, MongoDB-compatible database service that offers high scalability, performance, and availability. It automatically backs up your data, takes care of software patching, and handles hardware provisioning and maintenance, reducing the operational overhead associated with managing a MongoDB database.

E. Use AWS Step Functions state machines with AWS Lambda tasks to prepare the reports and to write the reports to Amazon S3. Use Amazon CloudFront with an S3 origin to serve the reports

By using AWS Step Functions state machines with AWS Lambda tasks, the company can manage the entire report preparation process in a serverless manner, reducing operational overhead. The reports can be written to Amazon S3, which is a highly scalable, durable, and cost-effective storage solution. Using Amazon CloudFront with an S3 origin to serve the reports will ensure low latency and high data transfer speeds, while also benefiting from CloudFront’s caching and security features. This combination will minimize operational overhead and provide a highly available and efficient solution for serving the reports to users.

The other options are not correct because:

A. Use AWS Lambda functions to connect to the IoT devices. This option is not correct because it does not leverage the benefits of AWS IoT Core for device connectivity and management. Using Lambda functions alone would require you to implement your own MQTT broker or HTTP endpoint and handle authentication, authorization, encryption, scaling, monitoring, and logging of device connections.

C. Write the metadata to a self-managed MongoDB database on an Amazon EC2 instance. This option is not correct because it does not reduce the operational overhead of the stack. Using a self-managed MongoDB database on an EC2 instance would require you to provision, configure, patch, backup, restore, monitor, and scale your database instance manually or using third-party tools.

F. Use an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster with Amazon EC2 instances to prepare the reports. Use an ingress controller in the EKS cluster to serve the reports. This option is not correct because it does not reduce the operational overhead of the stack or leverage serverless technologies such as Lambda and Step Functions. Using an EKS cluster with EC2 instances would require you to provision, configure, manage, monitor, and scale your Kubernetes cluster and nodes manually or using third-party tools. Using an ingress controller in the EKS cluster would also require you to install, configure, secure, update, and maintain your ingress controller software manually or using third-party tools.

In summary, by configuring IoT devices to publish to AWS IoT Core, using Amazon DocumentDB for metadata storage, and leveraging AWS Step Functions with AWS Lambda and Amazon S3 for report preparation and storage, the company can reduce operational overhead while maintaining a scalable and efficient IoT platform in AWS.

Reference

• MQTT – AWS IoT Core (amazon.com)
• MQTT design best practices – Designing MQTT Topics for AWS IoT Core (amazon.com)
• Device communication protocols – AWS IoT Core (amazon.com)
• AWS IoT | IoT Platform Migrations | IoT Device Migrations (amazon.com)
• How to migrate on-premises workloads with AWS Application Migration Service | AWS Public Sector Blog (amazon.com)
• Rehost on-premises workloads in the AWS Cloud: migration checklist – AWS Prescriptive Guidance (amazon.com)
• Planning a Seamless Migration to AWS IoT Core | The Internet of Things on AWS – Official Blog (amazon.com)
• Reduce Operational Load using AWS Managed Services for your Data Solutions | AWS Architecture Blog (amazon.com)
• About the migration strategies – AWS Prescriptive Guidance (amazon.com)
• Using AWS Lambda with AWS IoT – AWS Lambda (amazon.com)

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