Learn why the Waterfall Model is considered the most basic software development life cycle (SDLC) model widely followed in the industry. Understand its structure, advantages, and limitations.
Table of Contents
Question
Which is the most basic software development life cycle process/model which is followed broadly in the industry?
A. Waterfall Model
B. Spiral Model
C. Prototype Model
D. Agile Model
Answer
A. Waterfall Model
Explanation
The Waterfall Model is the most basic and foundational software development life cycle (SDLC) model used in the industry. It follows a linear and sequential approach, where each phase of development must be completed before moving to the next. This model is often referred to as the “classical” SDLC model because it laid the groundwork for many modern methodologies.
Key Features of the Waterfall Model
- Sequential Process: The phases are executed in a strict order—Requirement Analysis, System Design, Implementation (Coding), Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance.
- Non-Iterative: Once a phase is completed, you cannot return to it. This makes it rigid but straightforward.
- Documentation-Driven: Each phase produces detailed documentation that serves as input for the next phase.
- Tangible Outputs: Deliverables are produced at every stage, ensuring clarity and accountability.
Why Is It Considered Basic?
- It is easy to understand and implement due to its simplicity.
- The model assumes that all requirements are well-defined at the start of the project, making it ideal for smaller projects with clear objectives.
- It provides a structured framework that developers can follow without ambiguity.
Advantages of the Waterfall Model
- Simplicity: Its straightforward nature makes it easy for new teams or developers to adopt.
- Well-Defined Phases: Each phase has specific deliverables and milestones, ensuring clarity.
- Predictability: Since all planning is done upfront, project timelines and costs are easier to estimate.
Limitations of the Waterfall Model
- Inflexibility: Changes in requirements cannot be accommodated easily once development begins.
- High Risk: Errors or misinterpretations in earlier phases can propagate through later stages, making them costly to fix.
- Not Suitable for Complex Projects: For large or evolving projects, this model lacks adaptability and fails to address dynamic requirements.
While modern SDLC models like Agile and Spiral have gained popularity due to their flexibility, the Waterfall Model remains a cornerstone of software development history. It is still used in scenarios where requirements are well-defined and unlikely to change, such as government or legacy system projects. Understanding this model is crucial for grasping the evolution of software development methodologies.
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